? 2013 ScientificAmerican.com. All rights reserved.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ice-core-data-help-solve-global-warming-mystery-204500496.html
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Sunday, March 3, 2013
Ice Core Data Help Solve a Global Warming Mystery
Scientists can study Earth?s climate as far back as 800,000 years by drilling core samples from deep underneath the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. Detailed information on air temperature and CO2 levels is trapped in these specimens. Current polar records show an intimate connection between atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature in the natural world. In essence, when one goes up, the other one follows. There is, however, still a degree of uncertainty about which came first?a spike in temperature or CO2. Until now, the most comprehensive records to date on a major change in Earth?s climate came from the EPICA Dome C ice core on the Antarctic Plateau. The data, covering the end of the last ice age, between 20,000 and 10,000 years ago, show that CO2 levels could have lagged behind rising global temperatures by as much as 1,400 years. ?The idea that there was a lag of CO2 behind temperature is something climate change skeptics pick on,? says Edward Brook of Oregon State University?s College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences. ?They say, ?How could CO2 levels affect global temperature when you are telling me the temperature changed first??? Fr?d?ric Parrenin of the Laboratory of Glaciology and Geophysical Environment in France and a team of researchers may have found an answer to the question. His team compiled an extensive record of Antarctic temperatures and CO2 data from existing data and five ice cores drilled in the Antarctic interior over the last 30 years. Their results, published February 28 in Science, show CO2 lagged temperature by less than 200 years, drastically decreasing the amount of uncertainty in previous estimates. The wide margin of error in the EPICA core data is due to the way air gets trapped in layers of ice. Snowpack becomes progressively denser from the surface down to around 100 meters, where it forms solid ice. Scientists use air trapped in the ice to determine the CO2 levels of past climates, whereas they use the ice itself to determine temperature. But because air diffuses rapidly through the ice pack, those air bubbles are younger than the ice surrounding them. This means that in places with little snowfall?like the Dome C ice core?the age difference between gas and ice can be thousands of years. Parrenin?s team addresses these concerns with a new method that establishes the different ages of the gas and ice. They measured the concentration of an isotope, nitrogen 15, which is greater the deeper the snowpack is. Once they were able to determine snowpack depth from the nitrogen 15 data, a simple model can determine the offset in depth between gas and ice and the amount of time the difference represents. The researchers then compared results from multiple locations to reduce the margin of error. ?Our method takes into account more data and shows that the age difference in Antarctic temperature and CO2 levels is less than we previously thought,? Parrenin says. ?I think this could help to change the tone of discussions about climate change.? ? Follow Scientific American on Twitter @SciAm and @SciamBlogs. Visit ScientificAmerican.com for the latest in science, health and technology news.
? 2013 ScientificAmerican.com. All rights reserved.
? 2013 ScientificAmerican.com. All rights reserved.
Presenting The "Great Rotation"... Out Of Investing | Zero Hedge
Since 2004, interest in 'stocks' and 'bonds' has plunged by more than 50%. Despite a renaissance for bonds in 2008, and stocks in 2009, the 'Great Rotation' appears to be 'out of investing'. Google Trends also shows that, as expected, 'Bonds' have been more popular than 'Stocks' since the crash - a development the Fed is so desperately trying to reverse, by imposing ever stricter central planning, ironically the reason why most have "just said no" to an authoritarian, inefficient, and farcical policy instrument formerly known as the market. Is it any wonder so many retail brokerages, commission-takers, and asset-gatherers are advertising day-in, day-out and constantly reassuring with the "it'll all be 'ok' in the long-run meme"?
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Source: Google Trends
(5 votes)
Source: http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2013-03-01/presenting-great-rotation-out-investing
Kerry calls Turkish PM's Zionism comments 'objectionable'
Kayhan Ozer / Pool via EPA
Secretary of State John Kerry talks with Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Ankara, Turkey, March 1, 2013.
By Arshad Mohammed and Jonathon Burch, Reuters
Secretary of State John Kerry on Friday criticized a comment by Turkey's prime minister likening Zionism to crimes against humanity, as the disagreement cast a shadow over talks between the NATO allies.
Kerry, on his first trip to a Muslim nation since taking office, met Turkish leaders for talks meant to focus on the civil war in neighboring Syria and bilateral interests from energy security and Iran's nuclear program to counter-terrorism.
But the comment by Turkish Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan at a U.N. meeting in Vienna this week, condemned by his Israeli counterpart, the White House and U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, has clouded his visit.
"We not only disagree with it, we found it objectionable," Kerry told a news conference with Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu, saying he raised the issue "very directly" with Davutoglu and would do so with Erdogan.
Erdogan told the U.N. Alliance of Civilizations meeting in Vienna on Wednesday: "Just as with Zionism, anti-Semitism and fascism, it has become necessary to view Islamophobia as a crime against humanity."
The Turkish prime minister's caustic rhetoric on Israel has in the past won applause from conservative supporters at home but raised increasing concern among Western allies.
Kerry said Turkey and Israel were both key U.S. allies and urged them to restore closer ties.
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"Given the many challenges that the neighborhood faces, it is essential that both Turkey and Israel find a way to take steps ... to rekindle their historic cooperation," Kerry said.
"I think that's possible but obviously we have to get beyond the kind of rhetoric that we've just seen recently."
While on a visit to Turkey, Secretary of State John Kerry spoke out about the violence in Syria. He has pledged to send Syria $60 million in non-lethal aid and Syrian opposition leaders are asking for secure humanitarian quarters through which aid can enter the country. NBC's Catherine Chomiak reports.
Washington needs all the allies it can get as it navigates the political currents of the Middle East, and sees Turkey as a key player in supporting Syria's opposition and planning for the era after President Bashar Assad.
Ties between Israel and Turkey have been frosty since 2010, when Israeli marines killed nine Turks in fighting aboard a Palestinian aid ship that tried to breach Israel's blockade of the Gaza Strip.
"If we must talk about hostile acts, then Israel's attitude and its brutal killing of nine of our civilian citizens in international waters may be called hostile," Davutoglu said, adding Turkey had always stood against anti-Semitism.
"No single statement carries a price higher than the blood of a person ... If Israel wants to hear positive statements from Turkey it needs to reconsider its attitude both towards us and towards the West Bank," he told the news conference.
Turkey has demanded a formal apology for the 2010 incident, compensation for victims and their families and for the Gaza blockade to be lifted. Israel has voiced "regret" and has offered to pay into what it called a "humanitarian fund" through which casualties and relatives could be compensated.
Support for Syrian opposition
Erdogan appeared displeased when Kerry arrived late for their evening talks, remarking there was not much time left, according to a U.S. pool reporter who attended the picture-taking session at the start of the meeting.
Kerry, in turn, apologized, saying that he had a good meeting with Davutoglu, according to the pool reporter.
Erdogan, speaking through an interpreter, replied that they "must have spoken about everything so there is nothing left for us to talk about." In a joking tone of voice, Kerry said: "We need you to sign off on everything."
Turkey's relations with the United States have always been prickly. And Erdogan's populist rhetoric, sometimes at apparent odds with U.S. interests, is aimed partly at a domestic audience wary of Washington's influence.
But the two have strong common interests. Officials said Syria would top the agenda in Kerry's meetings with Erdogan and President Abdullah Gul, building on the discussions in Rome between 11 mostly European and Arab nations within the "Friends of Syria" group.
After the Rome meeting, Kerry said on Thursday the United States would for the first time give non-lethal aid to the rebels and more than double support to the civilian opposition, although Western powers stopped short of pledging arms.
Turkey has been one of Assad's fiercest critics, hosting a NATO Patriot missile defense system, including two U.S. batteries, to protect against a spillover of violence and leading calls for international intervention.
It has spent more than $600 million sheltering refugees from the conflict that began almost two years ago, housing some 180,000 in camps near the border and tens of thousands more who are staying with relatives or in private accommodation.
Washington has given $385 million in humanitarian aid for Syria but U.S. President Barack Obama has so far refused to give arms, arguing it is difficult to prevent them from falling into the hands of militants who could use them on Western targets.
Turkey, too, has been reluctant to provide weapons, fearing direct intervention could bring the conflict across its borders.
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Saturday, March 2, 2013
With Kerry on the way, Egypt liberals angry at US
Egyptian pro-military supporters carry Yousef Mohammed, 7, as he wears a representation of a military uniform during a protest in Cairo, Egypt, Friday, March 1, 2013. Hundreds of pro-military supporters gathered to reject the Muslim Brotherhood and President Mohammed Morsi's rule calling for the military to return to power. (AP Photo/Amr Nabil)
Egyptian pro-military supporters carry Yousef Mohammed, 7, as he wears a representation of a military uniform during a protest in Cairo, Egypt, Friday, March 1, 2013. Hundreds of pro-military supporters gathered to reject the Muslim Brotherhood and President Mohammed Morsi's rule calling for the military to return to power. (AP Photo/Amr Nabil)
Egyptian pro-military supporters are seen through a transparent pirate flag criticizing the Muslim Brotherhood during a protest in Cairo, Egypt, Friday, March 1, 2013. Hundreds of pro-military supporters gathered to reject the Muslim Brotherhood and President Mohammed Morsi's rule calling for the military to return to power. Arabic reads ?Egypt?s pirates.? (AP Photo/Amr Nabil)
Egyptian pro-military supporters wear scarves with Arabic reading, "Egypt," during a protest in Cairo, Egypt, Friday, March 1, 2013. Hundreds of pro-military supporters gathered to reject the Muslim Brotherhood and President Mohammed Morsi's rule calling for the military to return to power. (AP Photo/Amr Nabil)
An Egyptian bearded police officer chants slogans and holds a copy of the Quran during a Salafi Muslim protest in support of the bearded police officers who were prevented from carrying out their work in the interior ministry, in front of Abdeen presidential palace in downtown Cairo, Egypt, Friday, March 1, 2013. (AP Photo/Khalil Hamra)
Egyptian Salafi Muslims chant slogans during a protest in support of the bearded police officers who were prevented from carrying out their work in the interior ministry, in front of Abdeen presidential palace in downtown Cairo, Egypt, Friday, March 1, 2013. (AP Photo/Khalil Hamra)
CAIRO (AP) ? As John Kerry heads to Egypt on Saturday for his first visit as secretary of state, he faces a barrage of accusations from liberal and secular Egyptians who say Washington is siding with the ruling Muslim Brotherhood in the country's sharp political divisions.
The United States has had its own frustrations with the mainly liberal and secular opposition, which has been plagued by disorganization and divisions. This week, it pressed the main opposition grouping, the National Salvation Front, to reverse its decision to boycott parliamentary elections due to begin in April.
For months, Egypt has been locked in political crisis, amid successive waves of protests against Islamist President Mohammed Morsi that have repeatedly turned into deadly clashes and rioting.
The opposition accuses Morsi and the Brotherhood, from which he hails, of dominating power in Egypt, effectively stepping in to the same role as ousted autocrat Hosni Mubarak and failing to carry out reforms while their supporters seek to instill a more religiously conservative system. Morsi's administration and the Brotherhood, in turn, say their opponents are trying to use street unrest to overturn their election victories.
Washington, Egypt's longtime economic and military benefactor, has kept relatively warm ties with Morsi. The Obama administration has praised him for helping resolve last year's battles between Israel and Hamas, the Islamic militant rulers of the Gaza Strip, and for maintaining Egypt's peace treaty with Israel.
The U.S. has said it wants to encourage the building of democracy in Egypt and, amid the political turmoil, has urged all sides to work out their differences. But the opposition says U.S. officials have voiced little criticism of what it calls the Brotherhood's undemocratic ways of imposing power, including pushing through an Islamist-backed constitution despite an opposition boycott at the end of its drafting.
At least two opposition figures said they rejected invitations to meet with Kerry when he holds talks with Egyptian political parties Saturday, ahead of the American diplomat's meetings the next day with Morsi and the head of Egypt's powerful military.
Ahmed el-Borai, a member of the National Salvation Front, was quoted in local newspapers saying that he rejected a U.S. Embassy's invitation "so as to not allow a foreign party to dictate its will on Egyptians."
Similarly, Egypt's oldest opposition party, al-Wafd, said its chairman, el-Sayed el-Badawi, had also declined the embassy's invitation to meet with Kerry.
Also not meeting with Kerry is Mohamed ElBaradei, one of the Salvation Front's top leaders and perhaps the country's most prominent opposition figure ? though it is not clear if he was ever invited for a face-to-face.
The anti-Morsi camp's anger with Kerry and the U.S. was on clear display Friday.
On its front page, the independent Al-Tahrir daily ran a large cartoon of Kerry, calling him "the Ikhwani" ? or Brotherhood member ? and depicting him with an Islamist's beard and the "zibeeba," a mark on the forehead many devout Muslim men have from kneeling in prayer five times a day.
Also on display was the continued, angry polarization in the country's politics.
The head of the Press Syndicate, Brotherhood member Mamdouh el-Wali, was mobbed by young journalists chanting "down with Brotherhood rule" as he left the syndicate headquarters during elections for a new chief of the union. The crowd shoved and jostled el-Wali, with one person slapping him on the back of the head, before he was hustled into his car.
El-Wali has been sharply criticized by other journalists for not taking legal action over the death of a young journalist during street battles between Brotherhood supporters and anti-Morsi opponents in December. He was also a member of the Islamist-dominated assembly that drafted the country's new constitution but did not push for inclusion of articles to protect reporters from imprisonment as many in the media demand.
Several thousand backers of the army on Friday also held a rally in a Cairo suburb calling on the powerful military to come back a take power, a sign of how a contingent in the anti-Morsi camp sees the generals as a possible protection against Islamist rule.
The State Department's call on all political groups to participate in the upcoming parliamentary elections particularly angered many in the opposition, who saw Washington's support for the election as backing for the Islamists themselves.
One opposition group, the National Association for Change, denounced the comments as "blatant interference in Egypt's internal affairs."
Hamdeen Sabahi, another senior figure in the Salvation Front, called on Kerry to be consistent in his comments about human rights and U.S. support of democracy.
In an interview with the Egyptian satellite channel ONTV late Thursday, Sabahi said Washington is only thinking of its interests in the region and accused the United States of striking a deal with the Brotherhood.
President Barack Obama spoke by phone this week with Morsi, emphasizing the Egyptian leader's "responsibility to protect the democratic principles that the Egyptian people fought so hard to secure" and urged him and all political groups to find consensus, the White House said.
Obama also "welcomed Egypt's continued role in advancing regional peace and maintaining the ceasefire in Gaza" ? in what many in the anti-Morsi camp here see as a sign that Washington is more concerned with ensuring peace with Israel than with democracy in Egypt.
Bahey Eldin Hassan, of the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies, wrote an open letter to Obama earlier this month, saying that Washington should stop commenting on developments in Egypt. He said Washington's comments give Morsi's government "political cover."
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For $10, You Can Get Your Breakfast On Like A Swede - Phoodie.info
The reason for this sweet sm?rg?sbord? The tradition of eating waffles on the Christian holiday Annunciation Day (every March 25), or?V?rfrudagen,?comes from the mix up of the Swedish word for the holiday, with the word?V?ffeldagen,?meaning Waffle Day. This misunderstanding caused Swedes to brush off their waffle irons and strawberry jam and make waffles the meal of the day.
Admission for the event is $10, which will get you admission into the museum, all of the waffles your tummy desires, and a beverage. You can either pay at the door or register online here. Choice is yours, either way, we?ll be sure to see you there, in all your waffle-stuffed glory.
American Swedish Historical Museum,?1900 Pattison Ave, (215) 389-1776
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Source: http://www.phoodie.info/2013/02/28/for-10-you-can-get-your-breakfast-on-like-a-swede/
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White House issues veto threat on GOP fiscal plan
WASHINGTON (AP) ? The White House is threatening a presidential veto of a Senate Republican measure that would give President Barack Obama more authority and flexibility to find $85 billion in spending cuts this year. The measure is intended to replace the automatic across-the-board cuts scheduled to kick in Friday.
The White House says it instead backs a Democratic measure to replace the cuts with tax hikes on millionaires and spending reductions over 10 years.
Neither bill is likely to survive Senate procedural obstacles Thursday.
The White House says there is no way to cut $85 billion over the remaining seven months of the fiscal year without "drastically affecting national security and economic policies." A statement by the White House budget office says Obama's advisers would strongly recommend he veto the Republican proposal.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/white-house-issues-veto-threat-gop-fiscal-plan-180445716--politics.html
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